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Pharaoh ramses ii biography9/16/2023 ![]() ![]() Ramesses’ mummy has been extensively studied ever since it was discovered and preserved in a museum. This is a vast quadrangular room covering a surface area of about 90 square metres (970 sq ft), the astronomical ceiling of which is supported by four pillars entirely covered with decoration.ĭeath & Aftermath ![]() On the north wall of the antechamber is the stairway that goes down to the burial chamber. A vestibule with paintings shows Nefertari being presented to the gods, who welcome her. This leads to the side chamber, decorated with offering scenes. The east wall of the antechamber is interrupted by a large opening with paintings of Osiris and Anubis. The astronomical ceiling represents the heavens and is painted in dark blue, with many golden five-pointed stars. This is decorated with paintings based on chapter 17 of the Book of the Dead. The tomb of Nefertari is extremely important, because its magnificent wall painting is regarded as one of the greatest examples of ancient Egyptian art.Ī flight of steps cut out of the rock makes it possible to go to the antechamber. The most important and famous of Ramesses' Queen consorts was discovered in 1904. This 'pocket-book' version was taken back to Egypt, and a copy carved into the Temple of Karnak and Abu Simbel temples. p73–79 62–64 The treaty was given to the Egyptians in the form of a silver plaque. Although the majority of the text is identical, the Hittite version claims that the Egyptians came suing for peace, while the Egyptian version claims the reverse. This treaty differs from others in that the two language versions are differently worded. ![]() Such dual-language recording is common to many treaties. The peace treaty was recorded in two different versions, one in Egyptian hieroglyphs, the other in Akkadian, using cuneiform script both versions survive. The document they agreed is the earliest known peace treaty in world history. Eventually, in the twenty-first year of his reign (1258 BC), Ramesses decided to make an agreement with Hattusili III, to end the conflict. This caused a crisis between Egypt and Hatti, when Ramesses said he did not know where Mursili was. The uncle, Hattusili III, demanded that Ramesses extradite (send back) his nephew back to Hatti. The Hittite Mursili III fled to Egypt, after he failed to take his uncle's throne. Tablet of treaty between Hattusili III of Hatti and Ramesses II of Egypt, at the Istanbul Archaeology Museum During Ramesses's reign, the Egyptian army may have included about 100,000 men, a force that he used to strengthen Egyptian influence over neighbouring lands. He also stopped Nubian revolts and ran a campaign in Libya. He established the city of Pi-Ramesses in the Nile Delta as his new capital and main base for his campaigns in Syria.Ĭampaigns & Battles Įarly in his life, Ramesses went on campaigns to get land back from Nubian and Hittite hands, and to secure Egypt's borders. The early part of his reign was focused on building cities, temples and monuments. He also led expeditions to the south, into Nubia. Ramesses II led several expeditions north into the lands east of the Mediterranean (the location of the modern Israel, Lebanon and Syria). It is now on display in the Cairo Museum. On his death, he was buried in a tomb in the Valley of the Kings his body was later moved to a royal cache (hidden wall slot) where it was discovered in 1881. It is likely that he died in his 90th or 91st year. p165 This is a total of 66 years and 2 months. When he was 14, Ramesses was appointed successor by his father Seti I. His successors and later Egyptians called him the "Great Ancestor". He was the third Pharaoh of the Nineteenth dynasty. Ramesses II was one of the greatest Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. The central one reads: "Ram'ses, Rê made him, beloved of Amun. ![]()
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